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Hebrews 10: He Does Away With The Old Covenant, In Order To Establish, The New Covenant

Hebrews Chapter 10 concludes this section of the letter focusing on Christ as the High Priest.

This chapter further compares the sacrifices of the Old Covenant, with the New Covenant sacrifice of Jesus.

The author emphasizes that animal sacrifices, could not take away sins, and then underscores the effectiveness of Christ's sacrifice of himself.

This chapter also encourages perseverance in faith, and warns against the grave consequences, of willful sin.

Bible Study/Commentary

Verses 1-18: Christ's Sacrifice Once for All

The author argues that the law, with its repetitive sacrifices, was a shadow of the good things to come, not the true form of these realities.

Those sacrifices, could never make perfect, those who draw near.

The author then refers to Psalm 40 to illustrate that God was not pleased with sacrifices and offerings but desired obedience.

Christ's coming to do God's will, and offering His body, once for all, in contrast to the priests who were required to offer sacrifices daily.

By His single offering, He has perfected for all time, those who are being sanctified.

The Holy Spirit also bears witness to this new covenant, where sins and lawless deeds are remembered no more.

Verses 19-25: The Full Assurance of Faith

The author encourages believers to draw near to God, with a true heart, in full assurance of faith.

Because Jesus has opened, a new and living way, through His body, believers are exhorted to hold fast to their confession, without wavering.

They are commanded to stir up one another, to love and good works, and to not neglect gathering together.

Verses 26-31: A Warning against Deliberate Sin

This section contains a severe warning.

If believers deliberately continue to sin, after receiving the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for their sins, but a fearful expectation of judgment.

The author compares this with the harsh penalty under the law of Moses, and reminds believers of the vengeance of the living God.

Verses 32-39: Recall the Former Days

The author encourages believers to remember their earlier experiences of suffering for the faith and urges them to endure, to preserve their souls.

The author expresses his confidence in the believers, that they are not of those who shrink back and are destroyed, but of those who have faith and preserve their souls.

Overall Summary

Hebrews Chapter 10 emphasizes the superiority and sufficiency, of the once for all sacrifice of Jesus, in contrast to the repetitive, and ineffective sacrifices of the Old Covenant.

The chapter reiterates the completeness of Christ's work, and encourages believers to approach God, with full assurance of faith.

A stern warning against deliberate sin, emphasizes the gravity of disobedience, in the New Covenant.

The chapter ends with an exhortation to endurance and perseverance in faith, underscoring the believer's position in the promises of God.

Hebrews 10

Christ's Sacrifice Once for All

10 For since the law has but a shadow of the good things to come instead of the true form of these realities, it can never, by the same sacrifices that are continually offered every year, make perfect those who draw near. Otherwise, would they not have ceased to be offered, since the worshipers, having once been cleansed, would no longer have any consciousness of sins? But in these sacrifices there is a reminder of sins every year. For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins.

Consequently, when Christ came into the world, he said,

“Sacrifices and offerings you have not desired,
    but a body have you prepared for me;
in burnt offerings and sin offerings
    you have taken no pleasure.
Then I said, ‘Behold, I have come to do your will, O God,
    as it is written of me in the scroll of the book.’”

When he said above, “You have neither desired nor taken pleasure in sacrifices and offerings and burnt offerings and sin offerings” (these are offered according to the law), then he added, “Behold, I have come to do your will.” He does away with the first in order to establish the second. 10 And by that will we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.

11 And every priest stands daily at his service, offering repeatedly the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. 12 But when Christ had offered for all time a single sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God, 13 waiting from that time until his enemies should be made a footstool for his feet. 14 For by a single offering he has perfected for all time those who are being sanctified.

15 And the Holy Spirit also bears witness to us; for after saying,

16 “This is the covenant that I will make with them
    after those days, declares the Lord:
I will put my laws on their hearts,
    and write them on their minds,”

17 then he adds,

“I will remember their sins and their lawless deeds no more.”

18 Where there is forgiveness of these, there is no longer any offering for sin.

The Full Assurance of Faith

19 Therefore, brothers, since we have confidence to enter the holy places by the blood of Jesus, 20 by the new and living way that he opened for us through the curtain, that is, through his flesh, 21 and since we have a great priest over the house of God, 22 let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, with our hearts sprinkled clean from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water. 23 Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering, for he who promised is faithful. 24 And let us consider how to stir up one another to love and good works, 25 not neglecting to meet together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another, and all the more as you see the Day drawing near.

26 For if we go on sinning deliberately after receiving the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins, 27 but a fearful expectation of judgment, and a fury of fire that will consume the adversaries. 28 Anyone who has set aside the law of Moses dies without mercy on the evidence of two or three witnesses. 29 How much worse punishment, do you think, will be deserved by the one who has trampled underfoot the Son of God, and has profaned the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified, and has outraged the Spirit of grace? 30 For we know him who said, “Vengeance is mine; I will repay.” And again, “The Lord will judge his people.” 31 It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.

32 But recall the former days when, after you were enlightened, you endured a hard struggle with sufferings, 33 sometimes being publicly exposed to reproach and affliction, and sometimes being partners with those so treated. 34 For you had compassion on those in prison, and you joyfully accepted the plundering of your property, since you knew that you yourselves had a better possession and an abiding one. 35 Therefore do not throw away your confidence, which has a great reward. 36 For you have need of endurance, so that when you have done the will of God you may receive what is promised. 37 For,

“Yet a little while,
    and the coming one will come and will not delay;
38 but my righteous one shall live by faith,
    and if he shrinks back,
my soul has no pleasure in him.”

39 But we are not of those who shrink back and are destroyed, but of those who have faith and preserve their souls.

Q & A

Hebrews 10:1-4
Q1: What is the limitation of the law in making those who draw near perfect, and why can the blood of bulls and goats not take away sins?
A1: The law has but a shadow of the good things to come, not the true form, and the continual sacrifices offered every year cannot make those who draw near perfect. The blood of bulls and goats is incapable of taking away sins; it only serves as a reminder of sins.

Hebrews 10:5-10
Q2: How does Christ's coming into the world contrast with the offerings and sacrifices of the law, and what did he do away with to establish the second?
A2: Christ, coming into the world, declared that sacrifices and offerings were not desired, but a body was prepared for him. He came to do the will of God, and by that will, we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. He does away with the first covenant to establish the second.

Hebrews 10:11-14
Q3: What distinguishes the repeated sacrifices offered by every priest daily from Christ's single sacrifice for sins, and what is the outcome of Christ's sacrifice?
A3: Every priest stands daily offering repeated sacrifices, which cannot take away sins. Christ, however, offered a single sacrifice for sins and sat down at the right hand of God. By this single offering, he perfected for all time those who are being sanctified.

Hebrews 10:15-18
Q4: How does the Holy Spirit bear witness to the new covenant, and what assurance is provided when sins and lawless deeds are remembered no more?
A4: The Holy Spirit bears witness to the new covenant by declaring that God will put his laws on the hearts and minds of the people, and their sins and lawless deeds will be remembered no more. Where there is forgiveness, there is no longer any offering for sin.

Hebrews 10:19-25
Q5: Since we have confidence through the blood of Jesus, what does the author encourage believers to do, and why is meeting together important?
A5: The author encourages believers to draw near to God with a true heart in full assurance of faith. Since we have a great priest, let us hold fast our confession, consider how to stir up one another to love and good works, and not neglect meeting together. Meeting together is crucial for mutual encouragement, especially as the Day draws near.

Hebrews 10:26-31
Q6: What serious consequences are highlighted for those who go on sinning deliberately after knowing the truth, and why is falling into the hands of the living God described as a fearful thing?
A6: For those who go on sinning deliberately after knowing the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins but a fearful expectation of judgment and a fury of fire. Falling into the hands of the living God is described as fearful because God is the one who will execute vengeance and judgment on His people.

Hebrews 10:32-39
Q7: What does the author remind the believers of regarding their past experiences and struggles, and what encouragement is given to them about faith and endurance?
A7: The author reminds believers of the former days when, after being enlightened, they endured a hard struggle with sufferings, being publicly exposed to reproach and affliction. They are encouraged not to throw away their confidence, as they have need of endurance to receive the promised reward. The coming one will not delay, and the righteous shall live by faith. Believers are urged not to shrink back but to have faith and preserve their souls.